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NDK开发总结

1. 创建项目

下载NDK developer tool,在新建项目时,选择C++support,系统会默认在src/main下创建cpp文件夹。同时,在主module下会多出CMakeLists.txt配置文件。

  1. build.gradle

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    android {
        ...
        defaultConfig {
            ...
            externalNativeBuild {
                cmake {
                    cppFlags ""
                    //配置生成的so库所支持的平台
                    abiFilters "armeabi", "armeabi-v7a", "arm64-v8a"
                }
            }
        }
           
        externalNativeBuild {
            cmake {
                path "CMakeLists.txt"
            }
        }
    }
    
  2. CMakeLists.txt文件说明

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    # For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
    # documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html
       
    # Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.
       
    #设置cmake支持的最小版本
    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)
       
    # Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
    # or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
    # You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
    # Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.
       
    #设置生成的so动态库最后输出的路径
    set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../jniLibs/${ANDROID_ABI})
       
    #头文件路径
    include_directories("src/main/cpp")
       
    #配置多个文件。在add_library中使用,指生成的library中所包括的文件。
    #file(GLOB native_srcs "src/main/cpp/*.c" "src/main/cpp/*.cpp")
    #多级目录
    file(GLOB_RECURSE native_srcs "src/main/cpp/*.c" "src/main/cpp/*.cpp")
       
    #配置生成的so库的配置。
    #第一次参数:生产的so库名称
    #第二个参数:生成的so库的类型,SHARED代表动态链接库.soSTATIC代表静态库.a
    #第三个开始的参数:生成库所包括的代码文件。可以枚举,也可以用上面定义的文件集合:{native_srcs}
    add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
                 native-lib
       
                 # Sets the library as a shared library.
                 SHARED
       
                 # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
                 ${native_srcs} )
       
    # Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
    # variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
    # default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
    # you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
    # completing its build.
       
    #查找库。
    #第一个参数:定义变量名,表示查找的库
    #第二个参数:需要查找的本地库
    find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
                  log-lib
       
                  # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
                  # you want CMake to locate.
                  log )
       
    # Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
    # can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
    # build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.
       
    #关联本地库到目标生成库
    #第一个参数:目标生成库的名称,与add_library第一个参数对应
    #第二个参数:被关联的本地库变量,与find_library对应
    target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
                           native-lib
       
                           # Links the target library to the log library
                           # included in the NDK.
                           ${log-lib} )
    


2. 编译错误,无法找到头文件?

默认是C++,若是C语言开发,需要加上

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#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

头文件与JNI接口文件都需要加上。当然,也可以直接编写.c文件。


3.实例

项目结构如下:

  • src/
    • main
      • cpp
        • calc.c
        • calc.h
        • native-lib.cpp
  • CMakeLists.txt

具体代码如下:

  1. native-lib.cpp

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    #include <jni.h>
    #include <string>
    #include "calc.h"
       
       
    #ifdef __cplusplus
    extern "C" {
    #endif
        jint Java_com_ejin_ndk_MainActivity2_calc(JNIEnv *env, jobject instance, jint a, jint b,
                                             jstring symbol_) {
            const char *symbol = env->GetStringUTFChars(symbol_, 0);
            return calc(a, b, *symbol);
        }
    #ifdef __cplusplus
    }
    #endif
    
  2. calc.c

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    #include "calc.h"
    #include <android/log.h>
       
    int calc(int a, int b, char symbol) {
       
        switch (symbol) {
            case '+':
                return a + b;
            case '-':
                return a - b;
            case '*':
                return a * b;
            case '/':
                if (b == 0) {
    //                __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, "ERROR", "param b is zero.");
                    __android_log_assert(b != 0, "ERROR", "Param b is zero.");
                } else {
                    return a / b;
                }
            default:
                return 0;
        }
    }
    
  3. calc.h

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    #ifndef NDK_CALC_H
    #define NDK_CALC_H
    #ifdef __cplusplus
    extern "C" {
    #endif
       
    int calc(int a, int b, char symbol);
       
    #ifdef __cplusplus
    }
    #endif
       
    #endif //NDK_CALC_H
    


4. 如何同时生成多个So库

要生成几个So库,就需要配置几个CMakeLists.txt。

项目结构如下:

  • src/
    • main
      • cpp
        • calc.c
        • calc.h
        • native-lib.cpp
        • CMakeLists.txt
  • CMakeLists.txt

主要改动有以下两点:

  1. 新增的CMakeLists.txt内容如下:

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    #其他配置继承app/ 下的CMakeLists文件
    #用于生产多个so库
    ADD_LIBRARY(
        calc
       
        SHARED
        calc.c
    )
       
    target_link_libraries(
        calc
       
        log
    )
    

    表示要生成libcalc.so库。注意到,它只有很少的信息,因为其他的配置都可以从主CMakeList.txt文件继承过来。

  2. 原src目录下的主CMakeList.text需要增加一项配置:

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    add_subdirectory(src/main/cpp)
    

    表示设置子目录地址,也就是新增的CMakeLists.txt文件目录。


5. 总结JNI开发流程

  • 创建NDK项目
  • 创建java文件,并写出需要的native方法
  • 根据native方法,自动生产.c文件
  • 配置CMakeLists.txt文件
  • 在java文件中增加加载so库的代码
  • build app module,生成so库
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